This outcome aims to reduce health disparities, prevent diseases, and promote health and well-being by addressing the social determinants of health and risk factors. Achieving this requires intersectoral action, strengthening local governance for health and fostering social participation and community engagement, with a special focus on populations in situations of vulnerability. Specifically, the following actions will be implemented:

1. Pursue attainment of the highest level of health for all through action on social determinants of health in all their dimensions as well as environmental determinants, including by enhancing health sector capacity to monitor social determinants of health and health disparities, and assess the impact of policies within and beyond the health sector by advancing multisectoral coordination to address the determinants.

2. Better respond to the health needs of populations in situations of vulnerability.

3. Strengthen intersectoral action and Health in All Policies, including collaboration with social protection, labor, environment, education, and other sectors.

4. Strengthen legal frameworks to promote health and prevent diseases and injuries.

5. Strengthen social participation and community engagement to improve health and well-being for all, increase the effectiveness and sustainability of policies and programs, strengthen local governance for health and well-being, and tackle urban health challenges.

6. Promote health and well-being by implementing effective population-based health promotion strategies, including healthy settings (schools, workplaces, universities, markets, and housing) with a multisectoral approach.

7. Take decisive action to meet national, regional, and global health goals related to the environmental determinants of health by, among other things, improving air quality and reducing exposure to air pollution; providing clean household energy; improving waste management, including healthcare waste; and ensuring safely managed water and sanitation services.

8. Intensify efforts to prevent diseases and premature death by taking action on risk factors and promoting healthy environments. This includes:

   1. Reducing modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, including all forms of malnutrition, through action on their determinants, intersectoral action, and community participation.

   2. Intensifying efforts to prevent communicable diseases and related conditions through action on risk factors and their underlying causes, such as environmental determinants, and strengthened community engagement, and intersectoral coordination, including incorporating an approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.

   3. Addressing occupational and environmental risk factors for health by improving conditions, including access to clean water, sanitation services, and hygiene, and by addressing the impacts associated with increased pollution from microplastics, heavy metals, solid waste, and hazardous chemicals.

Key Interventions

• Strengthen country capacity to develop and implement public health policies, plans, and programs that integrate the social determinants of health and promote the attainment of the highest level of health for all across the health sector and other sectors.
• Enhance intersectoral collaboration at the national, subnational, and local level—beyond the health care services network—to address the social determinants and promote access to health for all.
• Support country efforts to strengthen social participation in policy-making processes and the delivery of health care services, including health promotion, prevention, and care.
• Strengthen country capacity to generate, analyze and use evidence on health disparities for policymaking and evaluation.
• Build country capacity to design and implement effective interventions and strategies to promote health and wellbeing.
• Support the development and implementation of policies, plans, regulations, laws, and strategies to prevent exposure to environmental and other health risk factors, and to reduce their impact on health.
• Support the transformation toward sustainable food systems to improve access to health for all, promote healthy diets, and prevent all forms of malnutrition.