During the 2024–2025 biennium, Cuba incorporated vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) for 9‑year‑old girls into its national immunization schedule for the first time, marking a key milestone in the prevention of cervical cancer and in advancing the PAHO Disease Elimination Initiative. The campaign, launched in October 2025, had reached 76.7% coverage among the target population by the end of the year, demonstrating the capacity of the national health system to efficiently introduce new health technologies.

For the first time in Cuba, the United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund Anticipatory Action mechanism was activated two days before Hurricane Melissa’s impact on the eastern region of the country. Early activation made it possible to protect the continuity and functionality of health services in a context of high vulnerability compounded by the simultaneous circulation of dengue and chikungunya with sustained nationwide transmission.

During the 2024–2025 biennium, Cuba successfully included 94 municipalities into the Healthy Municipalities, Cities, and Communities Movement, representing more than half of the country’s total municipalities. This sustained growth reflects strengthened local action on the social determinants of health and increased intersectoral commitment at the territorial level.

During the 2024–2025 biennium, Cuba made significant progress in the implementation of an approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, supported by a national government project structured around eight priority lines of action, including zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, surveillance, food safety, and communication. A particularly noteworthy result was the development of a climate‑sensitive early warning system for dengue and its vector, serving as a model for intersectoral integration.

During the 2024–2025 biennium, Cuba substantially strengthened its comprehensive response to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) through the expansion of the HEARTS initiative and the update of the National Strategic Plan for NCDs. Implementation of HEARTS was reinforced, contributing to the prevention of cardiovascular events associated with ischemic heart disease and stroke, as well as to the reduction of diabetes‑related complications and the progression of chronic kidney disease.