During the 2024–2025 biennium, PAHO provided sustained technical cooperation to strengthen Jamaica’s preparedness for health emergencies and climate-related shocks. Support focused on strengthening governance, operational readiness, and human resource capacity under an all-hazards approach, with a particular focus on disaster risk reduction and health system resilience.
Jamaica achieved and sustained validation for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of HIV and syphilis, representing a landmark achievement in the elimination of communicable diseases as well as maternal and child health services that was two decades in the making.
During the biennium, Jamaica strengthened its health system response to violence against women by fully integrating comprehensive post-rape care into emergency health services in line with internationally accepted standards.
Jamaica advanced its national road safety agenda during 2024–2025 through strengthened enforcement, data systems, and evidence generation, and reduced alcohol-related traffic risks, with the support of PAHO and the United Nations Road Safety Fund.
Jamaica finalized its health workforce policy and implementation plan, marking a critical step toward strengthening the health workforce as the foundation of health for all.
| Outcome Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 01.b. Number of countries and territories that have implemented strategies to strengthen the response capacity of the first level of care | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 02.e. Number of countries and territories with capacity to implement and monitor national policies or strategies to improve the health and development of young children that are informed by the WHO/UNICEF framework Nurturing Care for Early Childhood Development | Baseline 2019 | Achieved |
| 02.f. Number of countries and territories developing, implementing, and monitoring policies or strategies with an integrated approach to address men’s health | Baseline 2019 | Partially achieved |
| 03.a. Number of countries and territories with capacity to prevent care dependence | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 07.a. Number of countries and territories that have reduced the density gap with respect to physicians, nurses, and midwives, achieving at least 25 health workers per 10,000 population in underserved areas, keeping in mind the global target of 44.5 by 2030 | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 07.b. Number of countries that have an interprofessional health team at the first level of care, consistent with their model of care | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 08.d. Number of countries and territories that have regulations and oversight that ensure access to quality and safe radiological services | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 09.a. Number of countries and territories that have achieved, by 2025, a reduction of at least 10 percentage points in the population reporting access barriers to health services, as compared to 2020 | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 09.b. Number of countries and territories that have reached at least 60% of their capacity to implement the essential public health functions | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 10.b. Number of countries and territories that have allocated at least 30% of the public expenditure in health to the first level of care | Target 2025 | Not achieved |
| 11.a. Number of countries and territories that have decreased by 20% the percentage of population in households experiencing out-of-pocket catastrophic health spending | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 11.b. Number of countries and territories that have decreased by 10% the percentage of people in households experiencing impoverishment due to out-of-pocket health expenditure | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| Outcome Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 04.f. Number of countries and territories with capacity to conduct integrated surveillance of arbovirus cases | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 04.g. Number of countries and territories reporting at least 95% coverage at the national level of the second dose of measles and rubella containing vaccine (MRCV) | Target 2025 | Not achieved |
| 04.h. Number of countries and territories reporting at least 95% coverage of 3 doses of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus -containing vaccine (DPT3) in 80% of municipalities | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 04.j. Number of countries and territories that have incorporated HPV vaccines in their national vaccination program | Baseline 2019 | Achieved |
| 12.a. Number of countries and territories reporting data on discrimination in health services experienced by men who have sex with men (MSM) in the past 12 months | Baseline 2019 | Achieved |
| 17.a. Number of countries and territories that achieve 90% of viral suppression (viral load <1,000 copies/ml) in persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART) | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 17.b. Number of countries and territories with >80% of malaria cases investigated and classified in areas targeted for elimination or prevention of reestablishment | Baseline 2019 | Achieved |
| 17.c [c]. Interruption of transmission of neglected infectious diseases (NID) in countries, following WHO criteria and guidelines [Dog-mediated human rabies] | Baseline 2019 | Discrepancy |
| 17.d. Number of countries and territories with established capacity and effective processes to eliminate human rabies transmitted by dogs | Baseline 2019 | Discrepancy |
| Outcome Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 05.c. Number of countries and territories with cervical cancer screening programs that achieve at least 70% coverage of screening in women aged 30-49 years, or for the age group defined by the national policy | Target 2025 | Achieved |
| 05.d. Number of countries and territories that increase access to palliative care, assessed by increase in morphine equivalent consumption of opioid analgesics (excluding methadone) | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 05.e. Number of countries and territories whose surveillance systems have the capacity to report on key indicators of the Global Monitoring Framework for Noncommunicable Diseases | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 05.f. Number of countries and territories that have tertiary care centers that provide rehabilitation services with multi-disciplinary teams for complex injuries | Target 2025 | Achieved |
| 05.g. Number of countries and territories that have increased capacity to manage mental health disorders at the first level of care | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 05.i. Number of countries and territories that have increased the rate of persons receiving treatment interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial, and rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disorders in the health service network | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 06.b. Number of countries and territories that provide comprehensive post-rape care services in emergency health services, consistent with WHO guidelines | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 13.d. Number of countries and territories that have eliminated industrially produced trans fatty acids | Target 2025 | Not achieved |
| 15.a. Number of countries and territories with an operational advisory committee or lead agency on road safety that supports the development and/or implementation of a national road safety strategy | Baseline 2019 | Achieved |
| 15.b. Number of countries and territories that have a national or multisectoral plan addressing violence that includes the health system | Baseline 2019 | Achieved |
| 16.a. Number of countries and territories with ongoing collaboration between government mental health services and other departments, services, and sectors | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| Outcome Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 18.g. Number of countries and territories with capacity to address health in chemical safety (including human health exposure to metals and/or pesticides) | Target 2025 | Achieved |
| 18.h. Number of countries and territories with capacity to address the health-related effects of climate change | Baseline 2019 | Achieved |
| 19.c. Number of countries and territories that are implementing policies or strategies based on regional guidance for healthy schools | Baseline 2019 | Achieved |
| 26.a. Number of countries and territories with institutional responses and accountability mechanisms that are advancing health equity, gender and ethnic equality in health, and human rights | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| Outcome Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 20.a. Number of countries and territories that implement integrated interoperable information systems for health that include subnational disaggregation | Baseline 2019 | Discrepancy |
| 21.a. Number of countries and territories with functional governance for generating and using evidence integrated into health systems | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 21.b. Number of countries and territories that generate, analyze, and use data and information according to health priorities, disaggregated by geopolitical and demographic strata, as appropriate to the national context | Target 2025 | Achieved |
| 21.c. Number of countries and territories with established mechanisms on knowledge management, multilingualism, open access, and publishing | Target 2025 | Achieved |
| 22.a. Number of countries and territories implementing a funded policy, strategy and/or agenda on research and innovation for health | Target 2025 | Achieved |
| 22.b. Number of countries and territories that have ethical standards for conducting research with human subjects | Baseline 2019 | Discrepancy |
| Outcome Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 23.a. Number of countries and territories that meet or exceed minimum capacities to manage public health risks associated with emergencies | Baseline 2019 | Achieved |
| 23.b. Number of States Parties meeting and sustaining International Health Regulations (IHR) requirements for core capacities | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 24.a. Number of countries and territories with installed capacity to effectively respond to major epidemics and pandemics | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| Outcome Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 27.a. Proportion of countries and territories where the national health authority reports satisfaction with PAHO/WHO’s leading role on global and regional health issues | Target 2025 | Achieved |
| 27.b. Number of countries and territories for which there is alignment between the national health policy, strategy, or plan and the outcomes defined in the PAHO Strategic Plan 2020-2025 | Baseline 2019 | Achieved |
1. Access to comprehensive and quality health services
2. Health throughout the life course
3. Quality care for older people
4. Response capacity for communicable diseases
5. Access to services for NCDs and mental health conditions
6. Response capacity for violence and injuries
7. Health workforce
8. Access to health technologies
9. Strengthened stewardship and governance
10. Increased public health financing
11. Strengthened financial protection
12. Risk factors for communicable diseases
13. Risk factors for noncommunicable diseases
15. Intersectoral response to violence and injuries
16. Intersectoral action on mental health
17. Elimination of communicable diseases
18. Social and environmental determinants
19. Health promotion and intersectoral action
20. Integrated information systems for health
21. Data, information, knowledge, and evidence
22. Research, ethics, and innovation for health
23. Health emergencies preparedness and risk reduction
24. Epidemic and pandemic prevention and control
26. CCTs: equity, gender, ethnicity, and human rights
27. Leadership and governance
| Output (OPT) Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 01.1.a. Number of countries and territories with frameworks in place for integrated health service delivery networks (IHSDN) to improve the resolution capacity of the first level of care and integrate priority programs, including NCDs and the elimination agenda | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 01.2.a. Number of countries and territories implementing strategies and/or plans of action to improve quality of care in health service delivery | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 02.2.c. Number of countries and territories implementing regular maternal and perinatal death reviews and audits | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 07.1.a. Number of countries and territories that are implementing a national policy on human resources for health | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 08.4.c. Number of countries and territories implementing national strategies/mechanisms to improve access, quality, safety, or rational use of blood in their services | Baseline 2023 | Discrepancy |
| 08.7.a. Number of countries and territories with mechanisms for health technology assessment and evidence-based incorporation, selection, management, and rational use of medicines and other health technologies | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 09.2.a. Number of countries and territories with mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating progress toward universal health and primary health care using PAHO’s frameworks and tools | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 11.1.a. Number of countries and territories implementing specific strategies to eliminate or diminish direct payments at the point of service | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| Output (OPT) Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 04.1.a. Number of countries and territories implementing national norms, standards, and tools aligned with PAHO and WHO guidelines on TB, HIV, STIs, and VH, with emphasis on key and vulnerable populations | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 12.1.a. Number of countries and territories that have campaigns on antimicrobial resistance and rational use aimed at the general public and at professional sectors | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 12.2.a. Number of countries and territories with active programs to control antimicrobial resistance through scaling up of infection prevention and control and provision of water, sanitation, and hygiene in health facilities | Baseline 2023 | Discrepancy |
| 12.8.a. Number of countries and territories that have programs to prevent or mitigate zoonotic diseases and snake/arthropod envenoming | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 17.1.a. Number of countries and territories implementing PAHO/WHO-recommended interventions in active foci and areas at risk of reestablishment of malaria | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 17.6.a. Number of countries and territories that have met the established minimum annual rate of suspected measles/rubella cases plus at least three of the five surveillance indicators defined in the Plan of Action for the Sustainability of Measles, Rubella, and Congenital Rubella Syndrome Elimination in the Americas 2018-2023 | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 17.8.a. Number of countries and territories implementing plans of action to strengthen prevention, prophylaxis, surveillance, and control for the validation of the elimination of rabies transmitted by dogs | Baseline 2023 | Discrepancy |
| Output (OPT) Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 05.2.a. Number of countries and territories that have surveillance systems in place to enable reporting on the global and regional NCD commitments | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 06.1.a. Number of countries and territories that have a single emergency care access number with full national coverage | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 06.2.a. Number of countries and territories that are implementing national standard operating procedures, protocols, and/or guidelines for the health system response to violence, aligned with PAHO and WHO guidelines | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 13.1.a. Number of countries and territories implementing population-based policy measures to reduce the harmful use of alcohol in line with PAHO and WHO resolutions | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| 13.1.c. Number of countries and territories implementing policies to reduce salt/sodium consumption in the population | Target 2025 | Achieved |
| 13.1.d. Number of countries and territories implementing policies and/or actions to regulate unhealthy food and drink products | Target 2025 | Achieved |
| 13.1.f. Number of Member States that have implemented the four major demand-reduction measures in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) at the highest level of achievement | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 16.1.a. Number of countries and territories implementing policies and legislative frameworks to promote and improve mental health in line with global human rights instruments | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| Output (OPT) Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 18.2.b. Number of countries implementing plans, policies, programs, and/or interventions to increase climate resilience and environmental sustainability of health care waste management practices, following WHO Guidelines | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 18.2.c. Number of countries and territories implementing plans, policies, programs, and/or interventions to reduce health risks associated with outdoor air pollution, following WHO guidelines | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 18.2.d. Number of countries and territories implementing plans, policies, programs, and/or interventions to reduce health risks associated with hazardous chemical exposures, following the WHO Chemicals Road Map, the Minamata Convention, and other chemical-related policies and programs | Baseline 2023 | Partially achieved |
| 18.2.e. Number of countries and territories implementing plans, policies, programs, and/or interventions to prepare health systems and reduce health risks associated with climate change | Target 2025 | Partially achieved |
| 19.1.a. Number of countries and territories that have laws, regulations, or policies in at least two categories of healthy settings | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 26.2.a. Number of countries and territories implementing policies, plans, and strategies to advance health equity | Baseline 2023 | Partially achieved |
| Output (OPT) Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 20.1.a. Number of countries and territories that have developed and implemented a plan to strengthen information systems for health based on PAHO’s IS4H maturity assessment model | Baseline 2023 | Discrepancy |
| 20.2.a. Number of countries and territories implementing an updated plan of action for strengthening the quality and coverage of vital statistics | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 20.3.a. Number of countries and territories implementing digital health strategies or roadmaps, aligned with the regional policy and global strategy | Baseline 2023 | Discrepancy |
| 21.2.a. Number of countries and territories with mechanisms (policies, standards, tools, etc.) in place for the generation, dissemination, and preservation of, and access to, scientific and technical data, information, and evidence for health | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 21.3.a. Number of countries and territories that generate and disseminate health analyses and/or health intelligence reports on relevant public health topics, including SDG 3 progress monitoring and health equity analyses | Target 2025 | Discrepancy |
| Output (OPT) Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 23.1.b. Number of countries and territories that have evaluated disaster and emergency preparedness capacities in the health sector | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 23.2.a. Number of States Parties with national action plans developed for strengthening International Health Regulations (2005) core capacities | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 23.2.b. Number of countries and territories with full-time staff assigned to health emergencies | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 23.3.a. Number of States Parties that have conducted simulation exercises or after-action review | Baseline 2023 | Discrepancy |
| 23.4.a. Number of countries and territories that include safe hospital criteria in the planning, design, construction, and operation of health services | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| 24.2.a. Number of countries and territories with strategies and/or plans in place to detect and respond to high-threat and emerging pathogens, including emerging zoonotic pathogens | Baseline 2023 | Discrepancy |
| 24.3.c. Number of countries and territories with operational integrated surveillance systems and pandemic preparedness plans for respiratory viruses, including influenza and COVID-19 | Baseline 2023 | Achieved |
| Output (OPT) Indicator | Baseline/Target | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 27.1.a. Number of countries and territories with a current Country Cooperation Strategy | Target 2025 | Achieved |